Tregoning, JS, Flight, KE, Higham, SL, Wang, Z. & Pierce, BF Advancing the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines, and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness, and escape. born Rev. Immunol. 21626–636 (2021).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Files, JK et al. Post-COVID-19 symptom duration is associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. JCI Insight 6e151544 (2021).
PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lamers, MM et al. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human intestinal enterocytes. science 36950–54 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, R. et al. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. science Immunol. 5eabc3582 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zuo, T. et al. Representing fecal SARS-CoV-2 viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19. intestine 70276–284 (2020).
PubMed Google Scholar
Xiao, F. et al. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces of patients with severe COVID-19. emerge infect Dis. 261920 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Natarajan, A. et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection. with 3371–387 (2022).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zollner, A. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 is characterized by persistence of intestinal viral antigen in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 163495–506 (2022).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cheung, KS et al. Gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus load in faecal samples from a Hong Kong cohort: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 15981–95 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mao, R. et al. Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5667–678 (2020).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Song, Y. et al. SARS-CoV-2-induced diarrhea as an onset symptom in patients with COVID-19. intestine 691143–1144 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wang, D. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 patients hospitalized with 2019 coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 3231061–1069 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gilbert, JA et al. Current knowledge of the human microbiome. night with 24392–400 (2018).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rothschild, D. et al. Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping the human gut microbiota. Nature 555210–215 (2018).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kurilshikov, A. et al. Large-scale association analyzes identify host factors that influence the composition of the human gut microbiome. born rider 53156–165 (2021).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wolter, M. et al. Taking advantage of diet to design the intestinal microbiome. born Reverend Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18885–902 (2021).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ruff, WE, Greiling, TM and Kriegel, MA Host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases. born rev. Microbiol. 18521–538 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Groves, HT, Higham, SL, Moffatt, MF, Cox, MJ & Tregoning, JS Respiratory viral infection alters gut microbiota by inducing inappetence. mBio 11e03236-19 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang, D. et al. The cross-talk between gut and lung microbiota in common lung diseases. In front. Microbiol. 11301 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sun, Z. et al. Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in patients with COVID-19. BMC Med. 2024 (2022).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vatanen, T. et al. Variation in microbiome LPS immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans. cell 165842–853 (2016).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Anand, S. & Mande, SS Diet, microbiota and the gut-lung connection. In front. Microbiol. 92147 (2018).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Parrot, T. et al. MAIT cell activation and dynamics associated with COVID-19 disease severity. science Immunol. 5eabe1670 (2020).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Legoux, F., Salou, M. & Lantz, O. MAIT cell development and functions: the microbial connection. immunity 53710–723 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hashimoto, T. et al. ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Nature 487477–481 (2012).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Viana, SD, Nunes, S. & Reis, F. ACE2 imbalance as a key player for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients with age-related comorbidities: role of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Aging Nothing. rev. 62101123 (2020).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gaibani, P. et al. The intestinal microbiota of critical patients with COVID-19. In front. cell infect Microbiol. 11670424 (2021).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gu, S. et al. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota in patients with 2019 coronavirus disease or H1N1 influenza. Clin. infect Dis. 712669–2678 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ren, Z. et al. Alterations in human oral and intestinal microbiomes and lipidomics in COVID-19. intestine 701253–1265 (2021).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xu, R. et al. Temporal association between human upper respiratory microbiomes and gut bacteria during the course of COVID-19 in adults. Commun. Biol. 4240 (2021).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mizutani, T. et al. Correlation analysis between gut microbiota alterations and cytokine response in patients with coronavirus disease during hospitalization. Microbiol. spectrum 10e0168921 (2022).
PubMed Google Scholar
Rafiqul Islam, S. et al. Dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiomes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh: elucidating the role of opportunistic gut microbes. In front. with 9163 (2022).
Google Scholar
Reinold, J. et al. A pro-inflammatory gut microbiome characterizes patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and reduced connectivity of an anti-inflammatory bacterial network is associated with severe COVID-19. In front. cell infect Microbiol. 111154 (2021).
Google Scholar
Tang, L. et al. Clinical significance of the correlation between changes in major gut bacterial species and severity of COVID-19. engineering 61178–1184 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tao, W. et al. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and its correlation with the inflammatory factor IL-18. Med. Microecol. 5100023 (2020).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wu, Y. et al. Altered oral and intestinal microbiota and their association with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 761 (2021).
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yes, YK et al. Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. intestine 70698–706 (2021).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li, S. et al. Microbiome profiling using shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified unique microorganisms in COVID-19 patients with altered gut microbiota. In front. Microbiol. 12712081 (2021).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zuo, T. et al. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization. Gastroenterology 159944–955.e8 (2020).
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bolte, EE, Moorshead, D. & Aagaard, KM Maternal and early childhood exposures and their potential to influence microbiome development. Genome Med. 144 (2022).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Steenhuijsen Piters, WA, Binkowska, J. & Bogaert, D. Early life microbiota and respiratory tract infections. Host cell microbe 28223–232 (2020).
PubMed Google Scholar
Renz, H. and Skevaki, C. Early microbial exposures and allergy risks: opportunities for prevention. born Rev. Immunol. 21177–191 (2021).
CASE…